2 contemporary media texts which represent youth

3 articles that discuss youth

Youth charged with police murder bid
in Londonderry

The judge said he had some concerns about the attempted murder charge

A 17-year-old youth has appeared at Londonderry Magistrates Court charged with attempting to murder a police sergeant in the city at the weekend.

It is alleged he tried to stab the sergeant in the throat, lower face and torso at Curryneirin on Friday night.

The teenager, who cannot be identified because of his age, is also charged with having a 10 inch knife, assault and threatening to kill the sergeant.

He is further accused of causing criminal damage to a car.

A defence solicitor told the court that his client had no previous convictions and that he has been dealing with family bereavements.

The lawyer added that two witnesses said his client did not have a knife during his struggle with the sergeant.

The judge said he had some concerns about the attempted murder charge.

He released the youth on bail to appear before the juvenile court later this month.

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Five youths arrested after man left with severe injuries

9:20am Monday 4th November 2013 in News

FIVE teenagers were yesterday in police custody after a 20-year-old man was left with head injuries in an Abingdon assault.

Thames Valley Police said the victim was attacked by a group of six or seven males at about 2.45am yesterday near the taxi rank in Ock Street.

The attackers ran off towards Conduit Road after the assault and police said one of them was wearing bright red or orange trousers.

Police cordoned off an area around a property in Ock Street for most of the day.

Central Ambulance Service staff were called to help the victim and spokesman James Underway said the patient was taken to Oxford’s John Radcliffe Hospital with “fairly severe” but not life-threatening injuries.

The suspects, two aged 17 and three aged 16, were yesterday in custody after being arrested on suspicion of grievous bodily harm and affray.

Anyone with information about the attack can call Det Sgt Darren Cartwright of Force CID on 101.

Witnesses can also contact the independent charity Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111 or online at crimestoppers-uk.org.

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Glen Kitchen death: Jadon Jackson, 16,
guilty of manslaughter

Jackson has been told to expect a custodial sentence

A teenager has been convicted of manslaughter following a street assault in which a 40-year-old Nottinghamshire man died.

Glen Kitchens, 40, was attacked in Bridge Street in Worksop in April and died later in hospital.

Jadon Jackson denied unlawfully killing Mr Kitchens throughout his trial but was convicted by a jury at Nottingham Crown Court on Thursday.

The 16-year-old, from Victoria Road, will be sentenced later this month.

'Never understand'

A post-mortem examination found Glen Kitchens died from head trauma

During the trial, the jury heard Mr Kitchens encountered Jackson and several of his friends on his way into town.

He had called his friends to say he was having some trouble with a group of youths.

But as they came to meet him one of the youths punched Mr Kitchens.

Det Insp Rob McKinnell, who led the investigation, said: "In one moment Glen Kitchens was alive and well, and in the next, after one punch was thrown, he was dead.

"Glen's family will never know why this 16-year-old boy threw that punch and they will certainly never be able to understand why."

He added that he hoped the case would at least make people think about the possible consequences of their actions.

How could passive audience effect models be applied to the representation of youth in the media?

Audience theories put the audience into two catogories; passive and active. Passive is the idea that the media injects ideas and views directly into the brain of the audience, which controls the way people think and behave. Active is when the audience have a role to play in understanding of the media text that they're viewing. 

The representation of youth in the media can be applie to by the passive audience effects model. Those who lack experience of the events covered in the media, (e.g those who aren't interested or are not bothered) are more likely to accept what is seen on TV, without even realising. Examples of passive audience effect models are the Hypodermic syringe model, the cultural effects model and the cultivation theory.

Firstly, the hypodermic syringe model is the theory that injects ideas, attitudes and beliefs into an audience. Linking to the representation of youth in the media, it means that the audience could see youths misbehaving, and it can make them apply their opinion to all youths. For example, if somebody watches crimewatch and sees a stabbing that has occurred by a adolescent, it can inject the idea into them that all youths are out to be violent and hurt people. However, now, the audience is much more aware of the media and that ideas are 'injected' into them unconsciously.

Next, the cultural effects model also shows the audience as passive and encourages them to make and agree with social group stereotypes. It is less immediate than the hypodermic syringe model but gives out a 'drip drip' effect which makes the audience slowly come to accept the preferred reading interpretation of events that the media promotes. This model suggests that the media context contains strong ideological messages which reflect the value of those who control and produce the media, which makes it bias. The representation of Youth culture can link into this. For example if a member of the audience is watching a TV series over a period of time that includes youths, the audience may build up a stereotype of them over time after seeing them being represented in the media as either positive or negative. Because the media are promoting their own interpretations of events, the audience may slowly either agree or disagree with the representation.

Lastly the cultivation theory. This is quite similar to hypodermic syringe model because it has the idea of brainwashing the audience to make them believe that the reality outside your home is like what you see in the media. Linking to the representation of youth culture, it can brainwash those watching/listening and put ideas into their head. If they see drastic stories on the news (e.g the London riots) which youths were the main cause for, the audience will be brainwashed into thinking all youths are responsible and violent, when really they're not. 

Post modernism

BRICOLAGE

The term bricolage is used to describe a work that is made from combining existing materials, independent of their original purpose. A example of this is punks using dog collars as a status symbol. It was the idea of putting a idea with another to create something new. Bricolage is a french word for 'jumble'. Another example I found was queens version of ‘under pressure’. 

HYBRIDITY

Hybridity simply just means the mixture of two opposite things or from more than one source.  It is where they splice together two or more genres. All genres have sub genres that are divided up into specific categories.  An example is the mixing and sampling of different levels, and hybrid forms are said to level hierarchies of taste. Music, film and TV are good examples of this process.

INTERTEXUALITY
Intertextuality is the shaping of other texts' meaning by other texts. This Madonna music video is an example of intertextuality.

The Simpsons video is an example of intertextuality because it show references to famous film scenes. 















JEAN BAUDRILLARD
Hyper reality- An example of this is Disney world. Baudrillard claims that Disneyland is the best example for understanding how reality works in the Post modern world, a place which at the same time a real physical space but also clearly a fictional representational world.

How has an impression of the film been created through Mise-En-scene in the trailers?

Alternative ideas- documentaries

Documentaries can be divided into four modes;

Observational- This is where the documentary maker follows the person around to observe their life. Hand held camera can be used and long takes are used. In observational documentaries, no voice overs are included. Examples of this is '16 and pregnant', 'teen mom' or 'big brother'.

Expository- These are documentaries that expose peoples life and are well known for having a commentator that explains the story. It includes; a commentator, rhetorical questions, facts, opinions and persuasive techniques. An example of a expository documentary is 'Cheaters'.

Reflexive- in this documentary, the film maker acknowledges their presence in front of the camera and provides a narrative in the documentary. A good example of someone who makes good reflexive documentaries is Louis Theroux as he appears in front of the camera as a interviewer. An example of a reflexive documentary is 'CatFish'.

The three longest music videos ever made

1. "Ghosts" by Michael Jackson Length: 39 minutes, 31 seconds

Topping out at nearly forty minutes in length, Michael Jackson's "Ghosts" remains as the undefeated, crown-wearing champion of long music videos. Directed by special effects legend, Stan Winston, "Ghosts" tells the tale of a fearsome and all-powerful supernatural Maestro who's presence isn't welcomed by a small town and its authorities. "Ghosts" is packed with an onslaught of dance numbers by Jackson and his ghoul family. The songs featured in "Ghosts" were taken from Jackson's "Blood on the Dance Floor" and "HIStory" albums. Be on the look out for an early Mos Def cameo.

2. "MTV's 25th Birthday Celebration" by The Streets 

Length: 20 minutes

In order to celebrate MTV's 25th birthday, Mike Skinner from The Streets, director Alastair Siddons, and a group of 25 people from the United Kingdom piece together an epic record breaker of a music video which depicts five individual stories that were created by different people whom had only one week, a video camera, and bare creativity. Kidnapping, police trouble, childhood memories, local myths, stolen cars, freak accidents, and even Bigfoot participates in this video.

3. "Bad" by Michael Jackson Length: 16 minutes, 23 secondsMichael Jackson teams up with film director Martin Scorcese to bring this "West Side Story" inspired classic music video which has Michael Jackson playing a private school student who finds himself in the wrong place at the wrong time when he arrives in a derelict subway station where he is influenced by a local troublesome gang and their adversaries.

The purpose and development of music videos

The purpose of music videos
There are many different reasons as to why an artist may choose to create a music video. Some of these reasons could include;
-They may be trying to express their feelings
- To gain publicity through awards
- To entertain the audience
- To gain more fans from being creative
-for charity purpose or to show a political message

The main reason they create music videos is to increase the sales of the music videos. Most music videos can be viewed on the internet (especially youtube) which can be accessed internationally. 

The development of music videos
Music videos started in the 1930's when the TV show 'MTV' was launched the first video was by the 'Buggies' - 'Video killed the radio star' 

Youtube has enabled people from the public to put their own videos up, creating publicity and the chance to become 'youtube famous'. 
As technology is always improving, that means the quality of music videos today are much better than when they first came out, making it easier for artists to gain publicity.

First ever music video

The first music video to appear on MTV was 'Video killed the radio star'. However, ueen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" is considered the first "real" video-clip, in the sense that it was directed and edited for that purpose.

Laura Mulvey- Male gaze homework

TASK

§Q: How many different types of ‘gaze’ can there be in a media text?
The spectator’s gaze

§the intra-diegetic gaze

§the direct [or extra-diegetic] address to the viewer

§the look of the camera

§the gaze of a bystander

§the averted gaze

§the gaze of an audience within the text

§the editorial gaze

·Q: Who controls the ‘gaze’ in each case?
The person who is in control of the camera is controlled by the gaze

·Q: What other power relationships can be defined by the ‘gaze’ – or who is looking at whom?
The mutuality of the gaze can reflect power structure, or the nature of a relationship between the subjects.

·Q: How is this expressed in the music videos you have been analysing
The gaze builds tension and suspense in music videos by focusing on the eyes

TASK
Does this translate from magazines to music videos? Find visual examples of each type of ‘look’ from music videos, or explore ‘looks’ of your own, whether male or female, or from other groups eg. By age, ethnicity, power relationships